NfL levels demonstrated a significant increase in CKD stage 3 (median (Q1–Q3): 40.40(31.7–48.7) pg/mL, p < 0.001), with progressively lower levels in stage 2 (median (Q1–Q3): 26.80 (18.5–32.7) pg/mL, p < 0.001) and stage 1 (median (Q1–Q3): 18.80 (14.4–27.1 pg/mL, p = 0.001). This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and chronic kidney disease.