GPHN and glioma: Immunohistochemistry for GABAergic interneurons (mCherry) and DMG tumour cells (GFP) together with a GABAergic presynaptic marker (VGAT) and GABAergic postsynaptic marker (gephyrin, a nearly universal component of GABAergic postsynaptic structures) revealed colocalization of interneuronal presynaptic puncta (VGAT) with glioma postsynaptic gephyrin puncta by confocal microscopy (Fig. 2d,e and Extended Data Fig. 4b).