Lentivirus expressing POPDC3-targeting shRNA (“POPDC3-sh-S1/S2”, targeting non-overlapping sequences) was transduced into established NSCLC A549, H1299 cell lines and primary human NSCLC cells (“priNSCLC-1”), the mRNA expression levels of control genes, POPDC1 and POPDC2, remained unchanged upon POPDC3 silencing (Figs. 8A, B and S4A, B). Here, POPDC2 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.