FSTL3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: To predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients, we identified 12 ligand-receptor interaction-related genes (LRGs): including PLK1, ITGB1, ANLN, POPDC3, DSG2, FSTL3, PLEC, STC2, CDCP1, RHOV, S100P, and MYLIP, and we utilized LASSO-Cox regression analysis to construct an LRrisk score.