Myocarditis is commonly caused by viral infection and should be viewed separately from sterile inflammation in IHD, but the underlying inflammatory pathways may be shared, as the death of virus infected cardiomyocytes also releases DAMPs, which initiates myocardial inflammation and subsequent cardiac remodelling via the PRR-/NLRP3 pathway [86–88]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is myocarditis.