GAST and gastric antral vascular ectasia: One theory focuses on hormonal changes, including alterations in gastrin, prostaglandin E2, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and serotonin levels.[4,13,14] Another theory highlights the role of increased mechanical stress on the antrum, resulting in fibromuscular hyperplasia and chronic compression of submucosal vessels.[15] And, 1 recent research has indicated a potential correlation between GAVE and Vitamin D.[16] Whether GAVE is a disease which is acquired lesions or congenital vascular abnormalities, and whether it is a primary disorder or a secondary manifestation, are still unclear.