DPPA4 and cancer: Developmental pluripotency factors 2 and 4 (DPPA2 and DPPA4) are transcriptional regulators that interact with chromatin-modifying complexes in pluripotent stem cells.[43,71,72] Reactivation of DPPA2 and DPPA4 is associated with many types of cancers.[71] In CRCs, DPPA2 mRNA expression has been reported to be significantly correlated to the advanced stage.[73,74] However in our survival analysis using TCGA gene expression data, statistically significant survival differences were not identified between the higher expression and lower expression groups.