INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The efficacy of RGEP in improving insulin resistance has been reported to have a relationship with adipocyte hypertrophy; adipocyte hypertrophy and atrophy are associated with insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, respectively.[42] It has been shown that ginsenoside Rg3, linked to STAT5-PPARγ pathway, was effective in improving obesity-induced insulin resistance.[43] Taken together, the efficacy of RGEP in improving insulin resistance arises from its inhibitory effect against adipocyte hypertrophy in obese animals.