PSMD1 and infection: Like the anti-S1 IgG-binding data, a significant difference was observed in neutralizing antibodies among the late acute (P = 0.0176), early convalescent (P = 0.0005), and late convalescent phases of the infection (P < 0.0001), compared to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Fig. 4B).