TNF and myocardial infarction: Since the cardiac expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α and interferon (IFN) γ increases in the first week after myocardial infarction (MI), the effect of these pro-inflammatory cytokines on the expression of MYO5a and MYO5b was analysed in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), revealing an appropriate up-regulation of MYO5a in response to IFNγ and a down-regulation of MYO5b in response to both cytokines (see Supplementary data online, Figure S1J and K).