Notably, cinchonine, a natural compound, exerted simultaneous inhibitory effects on these pathways (i.e., it significantly downregulated gene expression of Srepbf1, Galr1, and Galr2 in fat tissue), resulting in reduced adipogenesis and mitigated obesity (Jung et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene GALR2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.