TNF and COVID-19: Imbalances in Th1 and Th2, along with increases in Th1 and Th17 in peripheral lymphocytes, as well as elevated levels of cytokines such as IL-17, IL-21, IL-23, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, have been observed in the serum of COVID-19 patients, further linking autoimmune disease to hyperstimulation of the immune system from COVID-19 (3).