It has been extensively recognized that oxidative stress can result in chronic inflammation to induce numerous chronic diseases.36 Also, oxidative stress and inflammation are two major pathophysiological mechanisms in EMs.37 Moreover, a previous study unraveled that multiple inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-10, were upregulated in plasma from patients with EMs.38 In the present study, similar trends were observed in a rat model of EMs. Here, TNF is linked to eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.