Engineered Salmonella strains have been shown to activate NK cells through the production of IFN-γ, which, via self-regulatory feedback loops, promotes NK cells aggregation, activation, and cytotoxicity, achieving significant tumor suppression [186].Targeted elimination of intratumoral microbiota and engineered probiotic-based therapies effectively activate and regulate antitumor immune responses, highlighting the pivotal role of the immune system while offering innovative strategies for cancer treatment. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.