Moreover, Zhang et al.45 found a relationship between the short (14 days) and long term (35 days) effects of TNFα and IL-1 secretion, noting that blocking the activity of these cytokines in non-human primates with lab-induced periodontitis, improved management of the disease in the short term, but led to disease progression over the long term. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is periodontitis.