Elevated NO production, often driven by upregulation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), is associated with altered tumor gene expression, poor patient outcomes, increased mortality, and resistance to chemotherapy across various cancer types, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)18–28, lung29–31, prostate32,33, brain34, colon35,36, melanoma37–39, and liver40,41. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is cancer.