CSA is an inherited disorder caused by mutations of genes involved in heme biosynthesis (ALAS2, SLC25A38, STEAP3), Fe–S cluster biosynthesis (ABCB7, HSPA9), or mitochondrial protein biosynthesis (mtDNA, PUS1, YARS2), leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and ineffective erythropoiesis in erythroid precursors [103]. Here, ALAS2 is linked to chromosome-type aberration frequency.