Estradiol supplementation therapy has been shown to reduce extracellular matrix precipitation in glomerular and mesangial cells of diabetic animals, protect podocytes from damage, ameliorate age-related glomerular hypertrophy, increase nitric oxide (NO) production, and regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tubular and vascular smooth muscle cells. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cardiac hypertrophy.