TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Sinceboth drugs carried anti-inflammation effects, many studieshave applied FTY720 or NOB in ALI; in a rat model of LPS-induced ALI,a single intraperitoneal injection of FTY720 effectively inhibitedNF-κB activation, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β), and decreased the infiltration of inflammatorycells.