In the inner section, PECAM1 (P=0.023), CD68 (P<0.001), and CXCR4 (P<0.001) showed increases during the transition period from DCIS to IDC (clusters 8, 1, and 7), whereas in the peri-section, PECAM1 (P=0.035) and CXCR4 (P<0.0024) showed an increase during (Kruskal–Wallis test, Bonferroni-corrected P values) (S6A Fig). The gene discussed is CD68; the disease is ductal breast carcinoma in situ.