Connecting suPAR to microglia, upregulated uPAR expression has been identified in murine resident microglial cells during conditions of both acute and chronic inflammation.8 This pattern is also observed in human studies across various neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease.44-47 These findings suggest that elevated suPAR levels in participants with MA may be attributed to increased expression of uPAR triggered by CSD-induced activation of immune cells, notably microglia. This evidence concerns the gene PLAUR and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.