As the immune response of birds to Salmonella infection primarily involves a pro-inflammatory reaction, Salmonella is known to evade host immunity by upregulating the expression of SOCS3, thereby inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway, leading to reduced production of cytokines like IFN-γ responsible for bacterial clearance and inhibition of MHC class IIβ expression to avoid detection of the immune response and persist in infection (36, 59). This evidence concerns the gene SOCS3 and infection.