Key terms used in the search were “AMPK,” “natural product,” and “diabetes,” which were further combined with “type 2 diabetes,” “hyperglycemia,” “cardiovascular disease,” “nephropathy,” “neuropathy,” “complications,” “mechanism,” “ phenolic metabolites,” “terpenoids,” “Terpenoids,” “Quinones,” and “alkaloids.” The final search was completed in September 2024, and the searches were limited to literature published in English. The gene discussed is PRKAA1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.