In contrast, no significant improvement of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-12p70, IL-17 A, IFN-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-8, IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and leukocyte count could be observed following the oral application of a single high dose of 200,000 IU cholecalciferol in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 (55.5 ± 14.3 y/o) [190]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and COVID-19.