JAK1 and Alzheimer disease: Recent advances in anti-type 2 biologic drug development include the approval of biologics showing good efficacy in AD, such as dupilumab (anti-IL4R α) in 2017, tralokinumab (anti-IL-13) in 2021, lebrikizumab (anti-IL-13) in 2023, nemolizmab (anti-IL-31) in 2024, oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKi) targeting JAK1/2 (baricitinib) in 2020, JAK1 (upadacitinib) and JAK1/2 (ruxolitinib) in 2021, and JAK1 (abrocitinib) in 2022 [79–82] (Fig. 3B, Table 1).