KDR and small cell lung carcinoma: This is consistent with high antitumor response reported for such a combination in SCLC and other solid tumors.17,28–31 This also aligns with evidence that anti-VEGFR agents can synergically improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.32 Overall, combining chemo-immunotherapy with anti-VEGFR agents may enhance clinical outcomes for patients with previously untreated ES-SCLC.