MTOR and small cell lung carcinoma: The positive correlation between NK cells levels and PFS aligns with previous findings in ES-SCLC patients treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy.37 However, the negative correlation between mutations in the mTOR signaling pathway and PTPRD and PFS differs from previous studies, which reported that mutations in the mTOR signaling pathway and PTPRD correlated with longer PFS in NSCLC patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy.38,39 These discrepancies may be due to the small sample size or different treatment regimens.