Besides, the enzymatic activity of PHGDH could also be enhanced by CUL4A‒DDB1 complex-mediated monoubiquitination to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis, inhibited by PKCζ-mediated phosphorylation to dampen CRC progression, or enhanced by PRMT1-mediated methylation to promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression42–44. This evidence concerns the gene DDB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.