GCG and inflammatory response: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) mimic endogenous GLP-1 effects, enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibit glucagon release, slow gastric emptying, and increase satiety, thereby aiding in weight management and reducing cardiovascular risk.[39] GLP-1RAs also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, potentially alleviating intestinal inflammation in IBD patients by modulating immune function and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine release, although the exact anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unclear.