INS and diabetes mellitus: Recent studies have shown that commonly used IBD medications such as adalimumab and infliximab significantly improve insulin sensitivity, reduce insulin resistance, and effectively lower blood glucose levels.[46] Additionally, sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acid have been shown to have glucose-lowering effects.[46] However, corticosteroids may induce hyperglycemia through various mechanisms, including upregulation of gluconeogenesis, enhancement of insulin resistance, and inhibition of glucose uptake by adipose tissue.[12] These effects can lead to steroid-induced DM.[47]