Thus, we chose to normalize our samples to total protein because it was shown that both β-actin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) showed a 20% coefficient of variation (CV) in the human samples and a 1.45-2.88 fold change in β-actin in HCC tissue compared to matched normal tissue (Hu et al., 2016). Here, GAPDH is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.