Some endogenous factors are non-modifiable such as biological aging and genetic susceptibility while others are partially modifiable such as inflammation and hormones.6 The example of genetic susceptibility is demonstrated in a meta-analysis by Chen, et al. (2016), where the correlation between HER2 expression and prognosis of UTUC was analyzed. Here, ERBB2 is linked to renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.