TLR4 and colorectal carcinoma: Furthermore, it has been observed that Anaerobic Peptostreptococcus activates Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2 and TLR4), resulting in elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently facilitate cell proliferation during the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) (Tsoi et al., 2017).