TREM-1 is expressed both in immune22−26 and nonimmune cells26−30 and has been implicated in the amplification of inflammation innoninfectious and infectious diseases, including those caused by virusessuch as Marburg and Ebola,31 human immunodeficiencyvirus,32,33 hepatitis C virus,34 dengue virus,35 and enterovirus-A71.36 In general, higher TREM-1 activity has beenlinked to greater disease severity and inflammation in the aforementionedscenarios.37 Here, TREM1 is linked to infectious disease.