Compared with CT alone (or plus placebo), the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with CT significantly elevated the risk of thrombocytopenia (RR = 1.226, 95% CI: 1.048-1.434; 95% PI: 0.867-1.727, I2 = 0%) and vomiting (RR = 1.471, 95% CI: 1.179-1.835; 95% PI: 0.891-2.392, I2 = 11.1%), while decreasing the likelihood of urinary tract infection (RR = 0.698, 95% CI: 0.516-0.943; 95% PI: 0.099-4.930, I2 = 0%) (Table 3). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is urinary tract infection.