Multiplexed protein analysis identified a subset of oligodendroglioma subjects with increased concentrations of IL-2, IL-7, IL-6, IL-10, IL-15, TNFα, GM-CSF between 14 and 28 days after treatment, with evidence of CD4 + T cell activation and modulation of IL-4 and IFNγ production in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells isolated from peripheral blood. Here, CD4 is linked to oligodendroglioma.