In the BALF, TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM-1 levels were significantly reduced, and IL-10 levels were increased after TB or MCC injection, indicating that activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway or inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation both alleviated the HCA-induced inflammatory response. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is tuberculosis.