The monoclonal antibodies target the extracellular domain of RTKs on the surface of tumor cells, including EGFR, HER2 and VEGFR (amivantamab-vmjw, bevacizumab, necitumumab, ramucirumab, trastuzumab) and block the receptors, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on the surface of T cells (cemiplimab-rwlc, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, tremelimumab-actl) and the ligand PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells (atezolizumab, durvalumab). Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.