Furthermore, immunolabeling for the GVD-associated activation of necroptosis pathway (GVD-necroptosis) marker, phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like (pMLKL) [60, 61] confirmed the presence of pMLKL GVD-necroptotic proteins within RBPMS+ RGCs of MCI and AD patients (Fig. 2i, white arrows). Here, MLKL is linked to Alzheimer disease.