reported that GCIP physically interacts with oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Oligo 1, a class-II bHLH transcription factor) to disrupt the TGF-β signaling-dependent association of Oligo 1 with Smad2/3 and that overexpression of GCIP suppresses TGF-β-induced cell growth and cell migration in glioma (40). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and glioma.