The future of adjuvant immunotherapy post-2028 is more uncertain, however, as studies testing neoadjuvant immunotherapy in earlier stages of disease, such as intradermal anti-PD-1 plus anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06240143) or systemic anti-PD-1 plus anti-LAG3 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05418972) in high-risk stage II melanoma, are undergoing. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is melanoma.