Neutralizing antibodies, particularly those targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein, play a critical role in preventing infection by blocking the interaction between the virus and the host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) [5, 6].While the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is considered the gold standard for NAb detection, its labor-intensive nature, reliance on biosafety level 3 facilities, and time-consuming process limit its applicability in routine or large-scale studies [7, 8]. The gene discussed is ACE2; the disease is infection.