Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is linked to a selective loss of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt)-producing neurons in the postero-lateral hypothalamus that project to widespread areas of the brain and brainstem, evidence supported in vivo by the deficiency of the neurotransmitter hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF hcrt-1) of affected patients [1]. The gene discussed is HCRT; the disease is narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome.