Additionally, the multiplex immunofluorescence staining and spatial transcriptomics confirmed the existence of CSCs in metaplasia and tumor regions.[42] The enrichment of cell cycle and VEGF signaling pathways in CSCs demonstrates their high capacity of proliferation and angiogenesis, suggesting that the fundamental mechanism of CSCs in cancer progression is attributed to their roles in maintaining the clonal population of tumor cells and facilitating tumor angiogenesis. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.