induces phagocytotic entry into the host cells by using VAMP8 at the entry site (43); recruits VAMP2, VAMP3, and VAMP4 on to the Salmonella-containing vacuoles during infection (44, 46); and uses VAMP7 for secretion of typhoid toxins outside the host cell (44). This evidence concerns the gene VAMP4 and infection.