Research suggests that MSCs can directly phagocytose pathogens (Khan et al., 2017) or secrete AMPs (e.g., LL-37 and β-defensin) to inhibit the growth of pathogens by disrupting their cellular membranes in bacterial infections, which may be equally effective against FIs (e.g., Candidiasis) (Yagi et al., 2020). The gene discussed is ADSL; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.