Several PD-associated genes have been shown to be deeply related to the autophagic mechanisms, such as SNCA (PARK1/4), PRKN (PARK2), PINK1 (PARK6), LRRK2 (PARK8), VPS35 (PARK17), and the PD risk gene GBA1 (Blauwendraat et al., 2020; Ye et al., 2023). Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.