In a small-scale study involving postmenopausal T2DM women, a 50% reduction in circulating osteogenic precursors (a type of circulating osteogenic precursors that may enter bone formation sites via blood vessels) was observed, as well as increased expression of oxidative stress marker p66 (Shc) and the antioxidant defense enzyme SOD in these cells [52]. The gene discussed is SHC1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.