INS and Insulin resistance: ACV significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (FBS) (WMD: −21.929 mg/dL, 95% CI: −29.19, −14.67, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (WMD: −1.53, 95% CI: −2.65, −0.41, p = 0.008) and increased insulin (WMD: 2.059 μu/ml, 95% CI: 0.26, 3.86, p = 0.025), while it did not affect hemostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).