Complementing the notably expanded region of insulin-positive cells confirmed via immunofluorescence analysis, these results collectively suggest that EcN-GLP-1 may restore the quantity and functionality of islet β-cells in T1DM mice by mitigating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and stimulating insulin secretion (Figure 2). The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.