Given the potential therapeutic properties of TGF-βR1 inhibitors in AD treatment, the present study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of selective TGF-βR1 inhibitors (RepSox, Galunisertib, and Vactosertib) against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and Aβ-induced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Here, TGFBR1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.