Similar to our previous finding for the KPC-4545 model [35], all three clusters of CAFs appeared to be the main source of growth factors, including TGFβs, FGFs, and VEGFs which bind to receptors including CD44, TGFβreceptors, and ITGs in the untreated KPC-3403 tumor (Fig. 6A; Figure S10A). Here, CD44 is linked to neoplasm.