Additionally, cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei M3, and Lactobacillus plantarum YYC-3 have been shown to inhibit the expression and secretion of VEGFA in colorectal cancer cells, which subsequently reduces the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, thereby suppressing the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells (Yue et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and colorectal cancer.